Rules for using gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives gerund the ing form of a verb which works as a noun is known as a gerund. Gerunds and infinitives aim to learn and practice commonly used gerund and infinitive forms. Gerunds and infinitives form a gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding ing. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use. Gerunds can serve as an object after a preposition. Gerund vs infinitive both gerunds and infinitives are verbals that are formed using verbs but differ in the manner in which they are used to indicate the reason or. Gerunds can appear at the beginning of a sentence when used as a subject. Gerund and infinitive pdf worksheets english vocabulary and. Gerunds and infinitives tests category includes free online quizzes on gerunds and infinitives tests consisting of multiple choice questions with answers. Here in part 1, we introduce gerunds and infinitives and explain the basics of. Gerund and infinitive worksheet in this printable worksheet, the rules for using gerunds and infinitives will be explained in detail. Know your gerunds and infinitives what you are about to learn is going to be a lot easier if you remember how to use gerunds and infinitives. After prepositions i drank a cup of coffee before leaving. Gerund as subject because gerunds act as nouns, they can.
Level preintermediate time 20 minutes introduction this engaging verb patterns worksheet helps students to learn and practice commonly used gerund and infinitive forms. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives to describe an action. Both can be used as the subject or object of a sentence. Through a variety of writing and speaking exercises, students learn when to choose a gerund or infinitive and when either.
The following lists of verbs followed by other verbs will help you practice using gerunds and infinitives within simple sentences. A separate page deals with verbs that are followed by the gerund. Oftentimes, the complement of an infinitive verb is its direct object, and the modifier is typically an adverb, for example, he wanted to knead the dough so badly. Gerunds simply serve as a pure verbal noun, which provides variations to sentences in a text. Divide students into three groups, ideally of three or four students. Gerunds are not, however, all that easy to identify. You may also see infinitive phrase worksheets and examples. Some examples of gerunds and infinitives to give you a visual representation of what they look like. Gerunds and infinitives exercises perfect english grammar.
Gerunds and infinitives pdf documents and notes lessons. I know people who are obsessed with eating all the time. Gerunds and infinitives exercise 2 perfect english grammar. The infinitive can appear by itself, or it can be part of a larger infinitive phrase examples of infinitives to run. Gerunds can also take complements direct objects, predicate nouns and modifiers adjectives, adverbs.
Gerunds and gerund phrases underline the gerund gerund phrase. Gerunds plus their complements andor modifiers are called gerund phrases. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. Basic rules for gerunds and infinitives tru newsroom. Inside our huge company, i liked working gerunds the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. Aug 26, 2019 verbs that are followed by other verbs can take either the gerund or the infinitive. Passive infinitives and gerunds passive and causative. A gerund phrase is a group of words beginning with a gerund and including any modifiers to that gerund. Like a gerund, a gerund phrase functions as a noun. Remember, in every instance below, the gerund is working as a noun. By the end of this quick lesson, youll have no problem recognizing gerunds when you see them. These include start, begin, continue and bother it started raining. Here in part 1, we introduce gerunds and infinitives and explain the basics of everyday usage. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb.
Using gerunds and infinitives a gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and is used as a noun walking, traveling, voting. Its made up of the gerund running and the direct object marathons. As you read these examples of gerunds, notice the verbs they contain, and notice that every single one of them ends in ing. In this example, the infinitive verb is to knead, the dough is the complement and is the direct object, the adverb is the modifier, and all of these make up the infinitive phrase. Exercise 1 in pdf here choose the gerund or infinitive for a list of twenty verbs. The main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive. Complete exercises 1 10 below to practice what you have learned in part 1 before mov. You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a. For others, we can use perfect gerund infinitive forms to express the past.
Learning to use gerunds and infinitives can feel a bit overwhelming at first. Gerunds and infinitives complex forms test english. The form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. The gerund is formed using the ending ing walking, eating, etc. The verbal to achieve, in both cases, is an infinitive because its a verb preceded by to.
In this chapter you will find the list of the most common examples of verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives. Because their function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a sentence. Page 1 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun phrases do. The negative version of both gerunds and infinitives is made simply by adding not. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example.
Aside from gerunds and present participle, infinitives also cause some confusion. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules azar grammar. The gerund and the infinitive are forms of verbs that act as nouns. Infinitives use to before the verb so the examples above would be to eat, to play, and to listen. Lets take a look at some examples which will clarify these unique members of the english language.
Gerund and infinitive phrases university of texas at dallas. When grouped with modifiers, gerunds and infinitives form verbal phrases that perform the function of nouns. Gerunds and infinitives can function b to compose a sonata would take months. The problem is that all present participles also end in ing. Gerunds common verbs followed by gerunds a gerund is a noun formed by taking a verb and adding the suffix ing. In this example, to help is an infinitive that has been formed with the base verb help. Complete the following sentences using either the gerund or infinitive form of the verb provided. Page 1 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun. When functioning as the subject of a sentence, gerunds and infinitives always use a singular verb form, for example.
If there is to between two verbs, we call it infinitive and ing added to second verb it is called gerund. Infinitives use to before the verb so the examples above would be to eat, to play and to listen. The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. In english, if you want to follow a verb with another action, you must use a gerund or infinitive. The italicized texts in the above examples are the gerund. In most cases, we use gerunds to add a variation to our writing, allowing us to convey different nuances of the same words or sentences. Gerund and infinitive, english grammar, english, grammar. The explanation will be followed by two practice activities with these grammar forms. The good news is that our threepart tutorial gives you twenty gerund and infinitive tips to take you from beginner to pro. Gerund as subject because gerunds act as nouns, they can take any role that a noun would usually take in a sentence. Understanding how these words function is a crucial step in developing your english skills.
Gerunds can appear by themselves, or they can be part of a larger gerund phrase. Feelsee hear watch someone do doing i heard him tell you about the letter. Difference between gerund and infinitive compare the. Passive infinitives and gerunds we use passive infinitives or passive gerunds to describe actions which are done to the subject. Some verbs can take both gerunds and infinitives, with only a slight difference in the meaning as explained in part i above. Gerunds and infinitives exercises pdf english grammar. Irregular verbs form their past participles in various ways for example, bend. Gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that can take the place of a noun in a sentence. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use gerunds. Part 1 of the gerunds and infinitives tutorial explains what gerunds and infinitives are and how to begin using them in everyday english.
I enjoy reading reading is a noun acting as the direct object of the verb enjoy. Click here to download this exercise in pdf with answers. Gerunds are formed when an ing ending is added to a verb, and every infinitive is composed of to plus a verb. Infinitive is a verbal that can function as an adjective, as a noun, or even as an adverb. However, it is only used if the time of the action expressed by the gerund is not obvious from the context. Gerund the present participle ing form of the verb, e. Following a verb gerund or infinitive both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb. Gerund and infinitives verb lists free pdf in english when two verbs come side by side to is placed between them or ing is added to second verb. Preparation make one copy of the worksheet for each student. Gerunds and infinitives in english english pdf docs. The verbs like, love and hate can be followed by ing or the infinitive when talking about repeated actions. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on. Using gerunds in a sentence in the examples below, the gerund appears in italics and the main verb appears in bold. An infinitive is the basic or root form of a verb, typically preceded with to.
See all the gerund and infinitive exercises here heres my video on the subject. Examples of gerunds or gerund phrases used as the subject. In the english language there are verbs followed by. The redcard holders write down verbs followed by gerunds. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. After the main verb, both gerunds and infinitives can be used. This lesson focuses on the form and function of gerunds and infinitives. A gerund is a verb ending in ing that functions as a noun. Using verb forms as subjects when functioning as the subject of a sentence, gerunds and infinitives always use a singular verb form, for example. Gerunds are not the only types of verbals that can end in ing, so make sure that the word you find is functioning as a noun in the sentence. In order to save yourself from committing grammatical mistakes, it is better to get to know the difference between gerunds and infinitives, and how to properly use them in your sentences. Gerunds are formed by adding ing to the end of a verb. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. As we saw in the verbs lesson, the infinitive is formed using the preposition to to walk, to eat, etc.
Grammar quiz gerunds and infinitives complete these sixteen sentences to score your knowledge of gerunds and infinitives. Gerunds and infinitives tests english tests online. The main difference is that a gerund is a noun, while a participle. Types of verbals, participles, gerund, infinitive, using. Gerunds are generally formed with the letters ending with ing. Gerunds and infinitives apu writing center 6268156000 ext. The following guidelines and lists will help you figure out whether a gerund or infinitive is needed. Review charts and rules for gerunds and infinitives as needed.
The ed form of a regular verb is its past participle. English practice downloadable pdf grammar and vocabulary worksheets adjective and adverbs downloadable pdf worksheets for english language learners intermediate level b1 home b1 grammar gerund and infinitive. As you know, gerunds are verbs that end with ing an act as nouns in sentences. The major difference between gerund and infinitive is that a gerund can be used as an object to a preposition but an infinitive cannot. Although the term might sound foreign, the gerund is a common part of speech that most of us use every day, whether we know it or not. Examples of infinitives or infinitive phrases used as nouns 1 i like to run.
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